Some species mimic the coloring of wasps and bees, although they are quite harmless.

Particularly the African species F. megalops very closely mimics ants in its behavior and body form.

The species has harsh grating and chattering calls and will also mimic other birds.

On average, each male bird incorporates imitations of 75 other species into its song, with rather more African than northern species mimicked.

These quite palatable species therefore mimic the more dangerous ones and benefit from the similarity.

Aphantochilus species mimic Cephalotes ants, on which they prey.

In other cases involving similar or same species mimics with different phenotypes, the explanation for trait evolution becomes less clear.

Cheating, where either a cleaner sometimes harms its client, or a predatory species mimics a cleaner, also occurs.

Some species of butterfly mimicked not merely one, but several models.