In statistics, spatial autocorrelation between sample locations also helps one estimate mean value uncertainties when sampling a heterogeneous population.

In panel data, spatial autocorrelation refers to correlation of a variable with itself through space.

When a pair of values located at a certain distance apart are more similar than expected by chance, the spatial autocorrelation is said to be positive.

When a pair of values are less similar, the spatial autocorrelation is said to be negative.

True/inherent spatial autocorrelation arises from interactions among individuals located in close proximity.

Spatial patterns, such as the distribution of a species, are the result of either true or induced spatial autocorrelation.

Consequences of spatial autocorrelation for the analysis of metapopulation ecology.

The latter is a well-known statistic that accounts for the Global spatial autocorrelation.

Global spatial autocorrelation is a measure of the overall clustering of the data.

Geary's C is a measure of spatial autocorrelation.