Even some scientists involved in semiconductor research found the turn of events surprising.

Only Noyce was involved in semiconductor research, and only Grinich had experience in electronics.

The United States companies were at the forefront of semiconductor research and design, but stumbled badly on the factory floor in production quality and efficiency.

It is spending more than $500 million a year on semiconductor research and development.

"That is semiconductor research and development," explained Saduk matter-of-factly.

The House has already approved $500 million in Federal funds for semiconductor research over five years.

Dr. Makita specializes in semiconductor research related to silicon-based optoelectronics.

To that end, dilute magnetic semiconductors have recently been a major focus of magnetic semiconductor research.

The Government also announced that it would contribute $120 million this year to finance semiconductor research by European manufacturers.

The focus of his research was the field of semiconductor research.