The manufacturers want the burden of making the change to lead-free fuel put onto oil companies who could, at a price produce substitutes for lead in petrol.

Worldwide, he said, $4 billion to $6 billion will have to be spent to produce substitutes to CFC's.

Companies producing substitutes contend that any significant exemptions will simply delay shifts toward other methods of controlling pests.

In other words, over some differential range of prices for imports and domestically produced substitutes there was a low cross-price elasticity of demand.

It curtailed foreign direct investment and stated that the government would itself invest in manufacturing enterprises that could produce substitutes for imported goods.

DuPont, the world's largest manufacturer of chlorofluorocarbons, says it could economically produce safe and effective substitutes within five years.

This method is used to produce substitutes for petroleum distillates.

That is, adding it to the first four decades would produce substitutes for the fifth through eighth.

Henry IV made the earliest attempt at producing substitutes for luxury goods from the Orient.