They include rising unemployment, the decline of manufacturing employment and the rise in import penetration.

Industrialized countries, without exception, show major increases in import penetration over time.

"As the trade-weighted dollar has picked up this year, there has been further import penetration and a slowdown in export order growth," he said.

This leveling off reflects a slowdown in export growth and some continued import penetration.

The high level of import penetration of high value added products, such as Danish bacon, can be halted and reversed.

One measure of it is the degree of import penetration.

The extent of import penetration amounts to a serious decline in Britain's competitive position.

The picture is completed by the figures for import penetration.

With a lower dollar, Professor Summers sees an opportunity for American industry to check the import penetration of foreign producers.

There is a strong correlation between import penetration and unemployment.