The Committee is made up predominantly of free-trade advocates, and its action today was widely expected on Capitol Hill.

So why are Mr. Bork and Mr. Gray, both free-trade advocates, on the other side?

In the last four months, free-trade advocates landed the favorable decisions in North Carolina and Texas.

On the other hand, European officials said, the participation of strong free-trade advocates in Scandinavia could tilt the balance in the European Community.

Environmental, consumer and free-trade advocates are the leading critics of the curbs.

On the other side are the free-trade advocates, including most Wall Street bankers, economists and officials at the highest reaches of the Bush Administration.

They got a lot of bipartisan help, including support from many in Congress who view themselves as internationalists and free-trade advocates.

Nonetheless, there are those who worry, especially free-trade advocates like Alvin Rabushka, an American economist who has closely studied (and criticized) Israeli economic ways.

This argument diametrically opposes Bator's: free-trade advocates contend that large countries are better suited to help smaller nations finance organization of their cultural resources for more effective participation in international trade.

Niskanen, a free-trade advocate, argued internally against this policy, saying that Ford needed to improve its products in light of consumer demand.