Relative surface and volume fractions are chemical constants, which must be known for all chemicals.
We can now introduce a free volume fraction f and substitute in equation (12.13)
Porosity is the volume fraction of void space in a solid.
The volume fraction of these microscopic pores had to be less than 1% for high-quality optical transmission.
The three components composing the system are each found at an apex of the triangle, where their corresponding volume fraction is 100%.
This equation is applicable for suspensions having a low volume fraction of particles.
It is related to volume fraction by dividing by 100%.
The is defined as the volume fraction of grains with a certain orientation .
Additionally, the volume fraction of the γ' precipitates increased to about 50-70%.
Published and well-verified theories allow such measurements at volume fractions up to 50%, see reference.
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