concentration polarization

Concentration polarization strongly affects the performance of the separation process.

Concentration polarization, mass transport and fluid dynamics in membrane systems.

The concentration polarization occurs in both the anode and cathode.

Concentration polarization is a term used in the scientific fields of electrochemistry and membrane science.

Thus, concentration polarization phenomenon is inherent to all types of membrane separation processes.

Due to concentration polarization it is very difficult to completely oxidize or reduce a chemical species at an electrode.

All the curves, permeate flux versus time, present the same profile which indicates a significant concentration polarization.

The main disadvantage of a dead end filtration is the extensive membrane fouling and concentration polarization.

Because large pressures can be used to drive microfiltration separations, considerable concentration polarization can develop.

Using a tangential flow to the membrane (cross-flow filtration) can also minimize concentration polarization.

Moreover, concentration polarization leads to:

The effect is referred as concentration polarization and, occurring during the filtration, leads to a reduced trans-membrane flow (flux).

Concentration polarization is, in principle, reversible by cleaning the membrane which results in the initial flux being almost totally restored.

In spiral-wound modules, blockages formed by biofilm can lead to uneven flow distribution and thus increase the effects of concentration polarization.

Concentration polarization: the development of a concentration gradient of the retained components across the boundary layer near the membrane surface.

The formation of scale is highly dependent on factors affecting both solubility and concentration polarization including pH, temperature, flow velocity and permeation rate.

Biofouling is detrimental to the concentration polarization within the biofilm which causes an increase in the operation cost of the CNT membrane.

In SOFCs, it is often important to focus on the ohmic and concentration polarizations since high operating temperatures experience little activation polarization.

Generally, to reduce the concentration polarization, increased flow rates of the solutions between the membranes as well as spacers promoting turbulence are applied [5, 6].

Berlin, 1951) "Concentration polarization due to the initial chemical reaction in electrolytes and its contribution to the stationary polarization resistance corresponding to the equilibrium potential."

As a result of concentration polarization at the membrane surface, increased ion concentrations may exceed solubility thresholds and precipitate on the membrane surface.

Membrane fouling and particle retention in a feed solution also builds up a concentration gradients and particle back flow (concentration polarization).

This peculiarities of the particles motion in the areas subjected to the concentration polarization justifies introduction of the special term for this electrokinetic effect - electrodiffusiophoresis.

Relating Concentration Polarizations and Electrode Potentials (Kaiser Wilhelm Inst.

It must be noted that concentration polarization differs from fouling as it has no lasting effects on the membrane itself and can be reversed by relieving the TMP.