barley yellow dwarf
barley yellow dwarf virus

It is commonly found in viruses including barley yellow dwarf virus, potato leafroll virus simian retrovirus-1 and coronaviruses.

Barley yellow dwarf is a plant disease caused by the barley yellow dwarf virus, and is the most widely distributed viral disease of cereals.

Barley yellow dwarf virus 5' UTR is a non-coding RNA element containing structural elements required for translation of the viral genome.

Unlike some other viruses, like barley yellow dwarf virus, PPV is not persistent in the aphid and is transferred from the mouthparts of the aphid between plants.

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is a positive sense single-stranded RNA virus; the viron is not enveloped in a lipid coating.

Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus, has binding between mRNA segments on its 5' end and 3' end (called kissing stem loops) circularizing the mRNA without any proteins involved.

Carmoviruses, dianthoviruses, flaviviruses, pestiviruses, tombusviruses, single-stranded RNA bacteriophages, hepatitis C virus and a subset of luteoviruses (barley yellow dwarf virus) - the flavi like group (Flavivirata).

The structure within the 3' UTR has been previously characterised as the 3' cap-independent translation element (3' TE element) and the 5' UTR of barley yellow dwarf virus has been predicted to contain 4 stem loop structures.