It has been shown to improve performance on animal tests of memory.

The Scripps team used two proteins in the animal tests.

Frogs have been used in animal tests throughout the history of biomedical science.

These animal tests, they say, can themselves cause conditions that give rise to malignancy.

And its chemical structure was similar to other drugs that were much more effective in animal tests.

Both companies have reduced animal tests in recent years and are researching alternatives.

One more thing for the benefit of the scientists here in the room, animal tests are not 100% reliable.

Of course not all those would need animal tests, but a substantial number would.

A great deal is happening in the area of, for example, cutting down on animal tests.

With fewer animal tests and better information for the consumer, the directive is a step in the right direction.