These were "Western-style" toilets made from bricks with wooden seats on top.
Empty but for tatami mats and a small table, it abuts a washing area with three new sinks and two Western-style toilets.
Apartments designed for foreigners - with central air-conditioning and Western-style toilets - have the same problems.
The Western-style toilet was flushed by pouring down dippers full of water taken from the mandi.
The attached private bathroom with its own Western-style toilet, might have been a virtue had the living quarters not smelled like a sewer.
The bathroom is simple as well: there is a sink, a Western-style toilet and a shower - with cold water only.
Most Western-style flush toilets are designed to be used with a sitting posture.
The convenient half-bath upstairs adjacent to the bedroom had a Western-style toilet.
It had a Western-style flush toilet and a bathtub with a hand-held cold-water shower.