Through the next few years, there would be battles with Northern Wei, with neither side being able to decisively gain an advantage.

Traditional historians generally regard this as the starting point of Northern Wei's decline.

Yuan He, high official of Northern Wei (b. 403)

For the next several years, Liang continued to make minor gains on the borders with Northern Wei.

Shelun led retaliatory raids against Northern Wei, but suffered a serious defeat in 399 and was forced to flee westward.

In the east they raided the Northern Wei before they were defeated on June 16, 429.

This event is often seen as the turning point and the start of the unrest that would eventually tear Northern Wei apart.

Rouran continued its harassment of Northern Wei's northern border regions.

Emperor Wen made another attempt to destroy Northern Wei in 452, but failed again.

Rouran would remain an annoyance, and often a menace, for the rest of Northern Wei's history.