A study of Mexican-American children showed that PON1 activity increased 3.5 times between birth and age seven.
There is no significant trend in prevalence by income level for either boys or girls among non-Hispanic black and Mexican-American children and adolescents.
This is especially true for black and Mexican-American children.
You see the same dynamic among Mexican-American children: they identify achievement with betraying their roots.
Mexican-American children, like those in Dr. Robinson's program, appear to be among the most affected, although it is not clear why.
By the third generation, 60 percent of Mexican-American children speak only English at home.
Law enforcement officials added to the damage done to the psyche of Mexican and Mexican-American children.
The church opened one of the first schools for Mexican-American children and it operates programs that provided food and shelter for needy individuals.
Mexican-American and black children, the report found, had average readings that were two to three points greater than those of whites.
In 1990, 64 percent of third- and later-generation Mexican-American children spoke only English at home, the study showed.