term symbol

It is the equivalent of the term symbol for the atomic case.

The ground electronic state is molecular term symbol.

The molecular energy levels are labelled by the molecular term symbols.

The images of elements in are termed symbols, denoted .

The term symbol selection rules are.

Alternatively it can be written as a molecular term symbol e.g. Σ for dihydrogen.

For an extensive example on how LS-coupling is practically applied, see the article on term symbols.

The expression "term symbol" is derived from the "term series" associated with the Rydberg states of an atom and their energy levels.

For an octahedral complex, the spherical, free ion term symbols split accordingly:

The term symbol for d is D, which splits into the T and E states.

In this case, it is necessary to convert the electron configuration into one or more term symbols, which describe the different energy levels available to an atom.

The ground state term symbol is I. The sulfate is slightly soluble, like the other cerium group sulfates.

This notation is used to specify electron configurations and to create the term symbol for the electron states in a multi-electron atom.

Term symbols are used to represent the states and spectral transitions of atoms, they are found from coupling of angular momenta mentioned above.

For the latter, the energy from absorbed photons undergoes intersystem crossing into a state of higher spin multiplicity (see term symbol), usually a triplet state.

In the case of less symmetric molecules the molecular term symbol contains the symbol of the group representation to which the molecular electronic state belongs.

Term symbols can be calculated for any electron configuration, not just the ground-state configuration listed in tables, although not all the energy levels are observed in practice.

When writing a term symbol, the above scheme for a single electron's orbital quantum number is applied to the total orbital angular momentum associated to an electron state.

When the state of an atom has been specified with a term symbol, the allowed transitions can be found through selection rules by considering which transitions would conserve angular momentum.

The molecular term symbol is a shorthand expression of the angular momenta that characterize the electronic quantum state of a diatomic molecule, which is an eigenstate of the electronic molecular Hamiltonian.

In atomic physics, Hund's rules refer to a set of rules formulated by German physicist Friedrich Hund around 1927, which are used to determine the term symbol that corresponds to the ground state of a multi-electron atom.

Bound states can be described with the spectroscopic notation L (see term symbol), where S is the total spin quantum number, L the total orbital momentum quantum number and J the total angular momentum quantum number.

These states are labeled by a set of quantum numbers summarized in the term symbol and usually associated with particular electron configurations, i.e., by occupation schemes of atomic orbitals (for example, 1s 2s 2p for the ground state of neon-term symbol: S).

However, in spread spectrum systems, the term symbol may also be used at a higher layer and refer to one information bit, or a block of information bits that are modulated using for example conventional QAM modulation, before the CDMA spreading code is applied.