neptunism

A second controversy surrounding Neptunism involved the volumetric problems associated with the universal ocean.

Plutonism instead of neptunism, but hydrothermal secondary mineralization occurs.

A principal focus of Neptunism that provoked almost immediate controversy involved the origin of basalt.

Their system required much more time than Deluc's Mosaic variety of Neptunism allowed.

Volger advocated the theory of neptunism.

The Scottish naturalist, James Hutton, argued against the theory of Neptunism.

Darwin was rather bored by Robert Jameson's natural history course which covered geology including the debate between Neptunism and Plutonism.

Later in life, Jameson renounced Neptunism when he found it untenable and converted to the views of his opponent, Hutton.

Abraham Gottlob Werner and the proponents of neptunism in the 18th century believed basaltic sills to be solidified oils or bitumen.

Findings in geology led to a number of explanations that required an ancient Earth, such as Abraham Gottlob Werner's Neptunism.

Abraham Gottlob Werner proposed Neptunism where strata were deposits from shrinking seas precipitated onto primordial rocks such as granite.

He was one of the leading advocates of plutonism in the early debate that confronted plutonism to neptunism, making him described by some authors as an ultraplutonist.

In modern geology, many different forms of rock formation are acknowledged, and the formation of sedimentary rock occurs through processes very similar to those described by neptunism.

His followers resisted speculation, and as a result Wernerian geognosy and Neptunism became dogma and ceased to contribute to further understanding of the history of Earth.

In response to the release of this work, Sir Charles Lyell spearheaded an expeditionary force soon after to corroborate Scrope's findings and help build a case against Neptunism.

His new theories placed him into opposition with the then-popular Neptunism theories of Abraham Gottlob Werner, that all rocks had precipitated out of a single enormous flood.

Science wrestled with the ideas of the combustion of pyrite with water, that rock was solidified bitumen, and with notions of rock being formed from water (Neptunism).

The existence of angular unconformities had been noted by Nicolas Steno and by French geologists including Horace-Bénédict de Saussure, who interpreted them in terms of Neptunism as "primary formations".

Robert Jameson (1774-1854): studied with Werner and became the first eminent exponent in Britain of Neptunism, at the University of Edinburgh argued against the followers of James Hutton.

This showed to him that granite formed from cooling of molten rock, contradicting the ideas of Neptunism of that time that theorised that rocks were formed by precipitation out of water.

The term facies was introduced by the Swiss geologist Amanz Gressly in 1838 and was part of his significant contribution to the foundations of modern stratigraphy, which replaced the earlier notions of Neptunism.

Angular unconformities had been noted by earlier geologists who interpreted them in terms of Neptunism as "primary formations", so Hutton wanted to examine such formations himself to look for support for his theory of Plutonism.

The emphasis on this initially universal ocean spawned the term Neptunism that became applied to the concept and it became virtually synonymous with Wernerian teaching, although Jean-Étienne Guettard in France actually originated the view.

Uniformitarianism held the field against the competitor theories of Neptunism and catastrophism, which partook of Romantic science and theological cosmogony; it established itself as the successor of Plutonism, and became the foundation of modern geology.

The Society was named after Abraham Gottlob Werner, a German geologist who was a creator of Neptunism, a theory of superposition based on a receding primordial ocean that had deposited all the rocks in the crust.