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Consider the sample (4, 7, 13, 16) from an infinite population.
The conflict between finite resources and infinite population growth seems to be taking a dangerous turn.
To measure or assess processes there has to be a strategy adopted for sampling from what is an infinite population.
In this sense, the concept of population can be extended to continuous random variables with infinite populations.
Despite the assumption of an infinite population this model is a good model for various telecommunication systems.
Continuous replicator equations assume infinite populations, continuous time, complete mixing and that strategies breed true.
It deals with a finite population of S sources rather than the infinite population of sources that Erlang assumes.
E[X] can be viewed intuitively as an average obtained from an infinite population, the members of which are particular evaluations of X.
In 1975, S. von Hoerner proposed a formula for population growth which represented hyperbolic growth with an infinite population in 2025.
Mark Fey, "May's Theorem with an Infinite Population", Social Choice and Welfare, 2004, Vol.
They are generalisations of the Wright-Fisher process and arise as infinite population limits of suitably rescaled variants of Moran processes.
This is a queue with Poisson arrivals, drawn from an infinite population, and C servers with exponentially distributed service time with K places in the queue.
Just as the Erlang B formula, Erlang C assumes an infinite population of sources, which jointly offer traffic of A erlangs to N servers.
By requiring measures to remain the same (invariant) across different tests measuring the same thing, Rasch models make it possible to test the hypothesis that the particular challenges posed in a curriculum and on a test coherently represent the infinite population of all possible challenges in that domain.
In particular the 1965 paper with the innocent title "On the asymptotic behaviour of Bayes estimates in the discrete case II" finds the rather disappointing answer that when sampling from a countably infinite population the Bayesian procedure fails almost everywhere, i.e. one does not obtain the true distribution asymptotically.