hyperfine structure

The observed 2 to 0 lines show an extreme hyperfine structure.

Hyperfine structure of the spectral lines is extremely fine.

These two effects split the atomic energy levels into several components, producing the so-called hyperfine structure.

When fine or hyperfine structure can be observed, the technique also provides information on the electronic structures of molecules.

Other early applications include the fine structure and the hyperfine structure in the hydrogen atom.

One second is now defined to be exactly 9,192,631,770 cycles of the hyperfine structure transition frequency of caesium-133 atoms.

The separations among various components of a hyperfine structure are usually small enough to fit into the receiver's IF band.

Hyperfine structure gives the 21 cm line observed in HI region in interstellar medium.

The optical hyperfine structure was already observed in 1881 by Albert Abraham Michelson.

It is mainly a magnetic dipole moment; the quadrupole moment does cause some small shifts in the hyperfine structure as well.

Caesium-based atomic clocks observe electromagnetic transitions in the hyperfine structure of caesium-133 atoms and use it as a reference point.

If the spectra have also hyperfine structure the shift refers to the center of gravity of the spectra.

Due to the accuracy of hyperfine structure transition-based atomic clocks, they are now used as the basis for the definition of the second.

In 1931, he began the study of the hyperfine structure of spectral lines, which began his pioneering work on measuring nuclear spin.

Finally, atomic spectra possess hyperfine structure due to the nucleus, which were uninfluenced by the spins of the supposed nuclear electrons.

Spin-spin coupling between nuclear spin and electronic spin is responsible for hyperfine structure in atomic spectra.

However, each rotational state exhibits fine and hyperfine structure, due to the spin-orbit and electron-nucleus interactions, respectively.

Spin-nuclear-spin coupling (see hyperfine structure).

Typically, the hyperfine structure transition frequency of a particular isotope of caesium or rubidium atoms is used as a basis for these clocks.

With this technique, Meissner could investigate the hyperfine structure of spectra, which are due to the magnetic moment of the atomic nuclei.

Neither the non-relativistic nor relativistic equations found by Schrödinger could predict the hyperfine structure in the Hydrogen spectral series.

"Hyperfine Structure and Nuclear Moments of the Stable Bromine Isotopes."

Spin-orbit interactions involving the electron in the 3p orbital split the D line into two; hyperfine structures involving both orbitals cause many more lines.

The term hyperfine structure refers to a collection of different effects leading to small shifts and splittings in the energy levels of atoms, molecules and ions.

It is the interaction of this nuclear angular momentum with the spin of the electron that is responsible for the hyperfine structure of the spectroscopic lines.