free surface effect

The loss of stability from flooding may be due in part to the free surface effect.

The resulting free surface effect eventually compromised the ship's stability.

The term "free surface effect" implies a liquid under the influence of gravity.

This is known as the free surface effect.

Excessive ullage in a tank may contribute to the free surface effect.

This is intended to have an effect completely opposite to that of the free surface effect.

Discussion of the free surface effect on the Transport Canada website.

The free surface effect is one of several mechanisms which can cause a craft to become unstable and roll over (capsize).

Eliminating longitudinal bulkheads would result in much wider tanks, significantly increasing the free surface effect.

Water sloshing on the vehicle deck can set up a free surface effect making the ship unstable and causing it to capsize.

While repeated oscillations of increasing magnitude are commonly associated with the free surface effect, they are not a necessary condition.

Even a small amount of water moving about inside can gain momentum and capsize a ship, in a way known as the Free Surface Effect.

Earlier designs suffered from stability problems caused by the free surface effect, where oil sloshing from side to side could cause a ship to capsize.

Tip tanks do have an advantage of reducing free surface effect of fuel affecting the balance of the aircraft in rolling manoeuvres.

When very fine concretes and aggregates mix with water, the mud created at the bottom of the hold shifts easily and can produce a free surface effect.

When referring to the free surface effect, the condition of a tank that is not full is described as a "slack tank", while a full tank is "pressed up".

Bilges may contain partitions to damp the rush of water from side to side and fore and aft to avoid destabilizing the ship due to the free surface effect.

Failure or leaking of the hull is a serious problem that can lead to the loss of buoyancy or the free surface effect and the subsequent sinking of the vessel.

Free Surface Effect: a large body of liquid carried aboard a ship will impact on the ship's stability, particularly when the liquid is flowing around the hold or tank in response to the ship's movements.

In naval architecture and marine safety, the free surface effect occurs when liquids or granular materials under a free surface in partially filled tanks or holds shift when the vessel heels.

Sloshing or shifting cargo, water ballast, or other liquid (e.g. from leaks or fire fighting) can cause disastrous capsizing in ships due to free surface effect; this can also affect trucks and aircraft.

Slosh dynamics is the overarching field which covers both free surface effects and situations such as space vehicles, where gravity is inconsequential but inertia and momentum interact with complex fluid mechanics to cause vehicle instability.

Free surface effect caused Wahine to capsize due to a build-up of water on the vehicle deck, although several specialist advisers to the Inquiry believed that she had grounded a second time, taking on more water below decks.

In large aircraft and ships, multiple fuel tanks and pumps are often used, so that as fuel is consumed, the remaining fuel can be positioned to keep the vehicle balanced, and to reduce stability problems associated with the free surface effect.

To mitigate this hazard, cargo vessels use multiple smaller bulk compartments or liquid tanks, instead of fewer larger ones, and possibly baffles within bulk compartments or liquid tanks to minimize the free surface effects on the craft as a whole.