excitation level

A positive entropy change for water-splitting means far more excitation levels in the products.

We could take a given level of energy and compute excitation levels in ascending and descending series.

Perhaps you are confusing the "ionization number" with the "excitation level" of one (outer) electron?

Then, the density of the excitation levels for a given temperature range is monotonically increasing with the species entropy.

Chemical species can have various excitation levels depending on the absolute temperature T, which is a measure of the thermal agitation.

The excitation level of a semiconductor is characterized by electron and hole occupations, and , respectively.

Due to the phase-space filling factor, the Coulomb attraction becomes repulsive for excitations levels .

There would of course be an infinite series of excitation levels of the first electron, all having energy less than the first ionization energy.

"The structure of electronic excitation levels in insulating crystals," G. H. Wannier, Phys.

Relative to the absolute temperature scale, the excitation levels of the species are gathered based on standard enthalpy change of formation considerations; i.e. their stabilities.

The lasing threshold is the lowest excitation level at which a laser's output is dominated by stimulated emission rather than by spontaneous emission.

According to the previous statements, the system will thus evolve toward the composition where most of its excitation levels are similar, i.e. a majority of oxygen and hydrogen species.

As this value is null for water but strictly positive for oxygen and hydrogen, most of the excitation levels of these last species are above the ones of water.

Therefore, the homogeneous parts of the SBE and SLE provide a physically meaningful way to identify excitons at arbitrary excitation levels.

Since an NTS is a composite object, it has to demonstrate properties different from those of a single particle, e.g. evaporation emission, excitation levels, scattering form-factor.

Helva could feel her Corviki envelope swell to incredible dimension as the feedback resulted in a thermal reaction, giving her an unlimited mass to energize to a high excitation level.

Using caesium atoms, graphite-covered surfaces and thermionic converters as containment, the work function of the surface has been measured to be 0.5eV, indicating that the cluster is between the ninth and fourteenth excitation levels.

At high temperature (T), thermal agitation is sufficient for the oxygen/hydrogen subsystem excitation levels to be excited (on the arbitrary diagram, 4 levels can be populated for water vs 8 for the oxygen/hydrogen subsystem).

Examples of reactions satisfying high entropy changes are metal oxide dissociations, as the products have more excitation levels due to their gaseous state (metal vapors and oxygen) than the reactant (solid with crystalline structure, so symmetry dramatically reduces the number of different excitation levels).

That is, the particles at any particular excitation level j will be a negative exponential function of the particles in the ground state, p, the excitation level, e, and a parameter , which is a function of the (average) energy available to the particles in the system.