customs war

The dispute and the ensuing reprisals became known as the "customs war".

This customs war is often cited as one of the main causes of the Great Depression.

The two regimes had previously failed to work effectively together, being by rivalry including a customs war and numerous border disputes.

To avoid customs wars which are considered harmful to the world's economy, the World Trade Organization was created.

Frequent border closures and a customs war with Germany also had negative economic impacts on Poland.

A Customs war, also known as a toll war or tariff war, is a type of economical conflict between two or more states.

For Germany, the customs war had a negligible effect; exports to Poland totaled just 4 to 5% of German international trade.

However, due to the economic crisis and the customs war with Germany, this plan had to be abandoned and eventually only three ships were ordered from France.

Officially, the customs war lasted until March 1934 and was settled subsequent to the German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact.

Poland was an underdeveloped country struggling with remnants of devastating economic exploitation by the partitioners and their ensuing trade embargos (see also: German-Polish customs war).

As a consequence of the treaty, Germany effectively recognized Poland's borders and moved to end an economically damaging customs war which existed between the two countries during the previous decade.

The Dreyfus affair created difficulties, blocking the way for improved relations between France and Italy after the customs war, as Italy was Europe's most dreyfusard nation.

The move, evidently taken to make sure shops were not stripped before the holidays, prompted quick retaliation from several East bloc states and sparked what one economist called a "full-scale customs war."

A Customs War with Germany started in 1925, causing a rush to build a port in Gdynia and a detour line from Silesia to the coast by-passing German territory.

Slovenia announced on June 17 that if the customs war intensified it would employ its own customs officials, but it reportedly backed down after a threat of direct action by the FEC.

But another Soviet customs official, Vitaly K. Boyarov, told the newspaper Sovietskaya Rossiya today: "There is absolutely no question of any 'customs war.'

The easing of Kremlin discipline is creating new tensions -a customs war, rows in Comecon -between the reforming Poles and Hungarians and the conservative East Germans, Czechoslovaks and Romanians.

In the midst of the customs war, Austria-Hungary officially annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908 which caused mass protests in Serbia and political instability, but Pašić managed to calm the situation down.

As coal was one of main Polish exports, and transit through Germany was not allowed (due to the German-Polish customs war in the late 1920s and early 1930s), construction of the new line was necessary.

The 16th century saw the decline of the city's trading position because of the competition of the nobility, as well as church institutions in the grains exports, a customs war with Frankfurt (Oder), and the fall of the herring market.

The Great Depression of the 1930s and the Customs War with Germany closed western markets to Polish textiles while the Bolshevik Revolution (1917) and the Civil War in Russia (1918-1922) put an end to the most profitable trade with the East.

The German-Polish customs war was a political and economic conflict between the Second Polish Republic and the Weimar Republic, which began in June 1925 (shortly after the death of German president Friedrich Ebert from SPD) and ended officially in March 1934.