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Convergent nozzles are used on many jet engines.
In the reaction turbine, the rotor blades themselves are arranged to form convergent nozzles.
In a convergent nozzle, the ducting narrows progressively to a throat.
This CD process is more efficient than allowing a convergent nozzle to expand supersonically externally.
Convergent nozzles accelerate subsonic fluids.
The gas passes through a convergent-divergent nozzle before entering the mixing chamber, and then exits through a convergent nozzle.
Divergent nozzles are recommended for powder spheroidization applications while convergent nozzles are best adapted to plasma deposition and coating applications.
CARPENTER 1980, Effects of swirl on the subcritical performance of convergent nozzles.
C-D nozzles can accelerate the jet to supersonic velocities within the divergent section, whereas a convergent nozzle cannot accelerate the jet beyond sonic speed.
When the pressure ratio across a convergent nozzle exceeds a critical value the pressure of the exhaust exiting the engine exceeds the pressure of the surrounding air.
Convergent-divergent nozzles can give supersonic jet velocity within the divergent section, whereas in a convergent nozzle the exhaust fluid cannot exceed the speed of sound of the gas within the nozzle.
If the nozzle pressure ratio is above the critical value (about 1.8:1) a convergent nozzle will choke, resulting in some of the expansion to atmospheric pressure taking place downstream of the throat (i.e. smallest flow area), in the jet wake.
