We conclude that an enhanced capacity for glucose transport across liver, but not muscle, plasma membranes during autumn cold-hardening is an important adaptation that anticipates the need for rapid export of cryoprotectant from liver during natural freezing episodes.

To guard against this, plants prepare for winter with a process called cold hardening.

Enzymatic changes may take place in preparation for cold hardening.

Cold hardening protects plants from both chilling injury and freezing injury.

Freezing tolerance is enhanced by cold hardening.

Cold hardening is the physiological and biochemical process by which an organism prepares for cold weather.

Shorter and warmer winters may affect other environmental adaptations including cold hardening of trees, which could result in frost damage during more severe winters.

This is in contrast to the Northern Hemisphere, where predictable weather makes it more advantageous to overwinter after extensive seasonal cold hardening.

The fact that steel containing 8 to 15% of manganese is cold hardening and can obtain a high tensile strength of up to 863 MPa, steel with 12% manganese was used for the British Brodie helmet.

In the initial phase of seasonal cold hardening, ice-nucleating agents (INAs) such as food particles, dust particles and bacteria, in the gut or intracellular compartments of freeze avoidant insects have to be removed or inactivated.