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Animals can also appear coloured due to structural colour, the result of coherent scattering perceived as iridescence.
As a result, the coherent scattering component acquires a nonzero width in the strong field region.
This structural coloration is the result of coherent scattering of light by the photonic crystal nature of the scales.
Cross sections for Compton scattering are similar to coherent scattering or absorption cross sections.
The iridescence seen on a hummingbird's throat or a rainbow trout's flashing scales is one type of structural coloring, caused by so-called coherent scattering.
We show that in a conservative semi-infinite medium this enhancement will be a factor of 5, for optical depths greater than about 20 for coherent scattering.
The colour originates from coherent scattering and interference of light by the microstructure of the ribbon-like scales covering the moth's wings.
The quantum interacts with the PUF (e.g. coherent scattering), resulting in a unitary transform of the state.
This also means that in real space images, lattice planes edge-on are decorated not by diffuse scattering features but by contrast associated with coherent scattering.
"This is how the sheen colouration is generated, without the occurrence of coherent scattering like in 'traditional' structural feathers," says Dr Galvan.
Total and absorption cross sections are then derived on the basis of the Eikonal approximation and the assumption that the coherent scattering dominates the forward scattered amplitude.
It is shown that the coherent scattering is not a general property of the system if the lower state interaction is present; the "coherent" component acquires a small, but nonzero, width in the strong field region.
At both low and high Larmor frequencies, the critical order fluctuations in the isotropic phase of MBBA arise mainly from a coherent scattering term which is observed in light scattering experiments.
The long wavelength of the microwaves leads to effective point coherent scattering from the plasma in the laser focal volume, so phase matching is unimportant and scattering in the backward direction is strong.
In 1986 John's group began construction of a Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) Huxley-Holmes camera based on a GX13 rotating Cu anode for the study of coherent scattering phenomena.
In some cases, as with titanium and niobium, it is possible to mix isotopes of an element whose lengths are of opposite signs to give a net scattering length of zero, in which case coherent scattering will not occur at all.
The scattering cross-section can be further subdivided into coherent scattering and incoherent scattering, which is caused by the spin dependence of the scattering cross-section and, for a natural sample, presence of different isotopes of the same element in the sample.
