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On 20 May 1852 was an explosion of firedamp, found to be caused by a lighted candle, 90 men suffering from chokedamp or burns escaped but 36 men and boys died.
He sees this and other drains on the diversity of life as a warning akin to the dying of the canaries miners used to take into the pits; canaries succumb to deadly chokedamp, a suffocating gas found in mines, before human beings even notice the danger.
Miners could place the safety lamp close to the ground to detect gases, such as carbon dioxide, that are denser than air and so could collect in depressions in the mine; if the mine air was oxygen-poor (asphyxiant gas), the lamp flame would be extinguished (black damp or chokedamp).