The importance of the carrier state in meningococcal disease is well known.

A high infectious dose is required; the carrier state persists for several days.

There is no carrier state: the reservoir exists entirely in active human cases.

First, the pathogen must have a stable carrier state in a reservoir species.

This candida carrier state is not considered to be candidiasis.

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A carrier state exists in some people who shed the bacteria for 1 year or more following the initial infection.

It is relatively easy to eliminate the carrier state in stallions using local disinfectant.

This candial carrier state is not considered to be a disease since there are no lesions or symptoms.

It does not induce a persistent carrier state.

The fungus can also exist in a carrier state on the scalp, without clinical symptomatology.

Done properly, the therapies are about 90 percent effective in preventing the chronic carrier state among exposed infants.

Seroconversion marks a transition from active disease to an inactive carrier state (980).

The chronic carrier state may follow acute illness, mild or even sub clinical infections.

It is disproportionately uncommon among women, and some authorities believe this is due to its producing a carrier state in females.

Smallpox is not known to be transmitted by insects or animals and there is no asymptomatic carrier state.

Food handlers who develop the carrier state can pass the infection along to the people who eat their food.

Cholecystectomy is not always successful in eradicating the carrier state because of persisting hepatic infection.

The frequency of the carrier state can be calculated by the Hardy-Weinberg formula:

The chronic urinary carrier state occurs in those who have Schistosoma (parasitic blood fluke).

Also one can expect a reduction of the carrier state for Salmonella species and Campylobacter species.

Reverse mutation - The mutation can revert to normal or to a premutation carrier state.

Although most chronically infected patients appear to have clinically apparent hepatitis, a subclinical chronic carrier state also exists.

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Taylorella equigenitalis is susceptible to most antibiotics, although the carrier state in mares is difficult to eliminate.