anocracy

A society may in theory be a state but if the above applies, then Weart classifies it as an anocracy.

The Polity IV dataset recognized anocracy as a category.

There may be frequent shifts back and forth between anocracy and autocracy when a leader temporarily gains enough power to suppress all opponents in a territory.

An anocracy is a regime-type where power is not vested in public institutions (as in a normal democracy) but spread amongst elite groups who are constantly competing with each other for power.