QED vacuum

QED vacuum has interesting and complex properties.

QED vacuum of quantum electrodynamics.

In QED vacuum, the electric and magnetic fields have zero average values, but their variances are not zero.

QED vacuum is a state with no matter particles (hence the name), and also no photons, no gravitons, etc.

The fluctuation in the electric and magnetic fields associated with the QED vacuum perturbs the Coulomb potential due to the atomic nucleus.

The quantum electrodynamic vacuum or QED vacuum is the field-theoretic vacuum of quantum electrodynamics.

The QED vacuum is subject to fluctuations about a dormant zero average-field condition: Here is a description of the quantum vacuum:

Virtual particles make a perfect vacuum unrealizable, but leave open the question of attainability of a quantum electrodynamic vacuum or QED vacuum.

As a result, QED vacuum contains vacuum fluctuations (virtual particles that hop into and out of existence), and a finite energy called vacuum energy.

The QED vacuum of quantum electrodynamics (or QED) was the first vacuum of quantum field theory to be developed.

When Planck's constant is hypothetically allowed to approach zero, QED vacuum is converted to classical vacuum, which is to say, the vacuum of classical electromagnetism.

In quantum electrodynamics this vacuum is referred to as 'QED vacuum' to separate it from the vacuum of quantum chromodynamics, denoted as QCD vacuum.

The local reactive forces are generated and conveyed by momentum fluxes created in the QED vacuum field by the same process used to create momentum fluxes in the gravinertial field.

Delbrück's arguments were based on the relativistic quantum mechanics of Dirac according to which the QED vacuum is filled with electrons of negative energy or - in modern terms - with electron-positron pairs.

In quantum electrodynamics (or QED), the electromagnetic field has a ground state, the QED vacuum, which can mix with the excited stationary states of the atom (for more information, see Ref.

In particular, the theory of quantum electrodynamics predicts that the QED vacuum should exhibit nonlinear effects that will make it behave like a birefringent material with ε slightly greater than ε for extremely strong electric fields.

Predictions of QED vacuum such as spontaneous emission, the Casimir effect and the Lamb shift have been experimentally verified, suggesting QED vacuum is a good model for a high quality realizable vacuum.

When this field is instead studied using the QED vacuum of quantum electrodynamics, it is seen that the plates do affect the virtual photons which constitute the field, and generate a net force-either an attraction or a repulsion depending on the specific arrangement of the two plates.

Some authors refer to this reference medium as classical vacuum, a terminology intended to separate this concept from QED vacuum or QCD vacuum, where vacuum fluctuations can produce transient virtual particle densities and a relative permittivity and relative permeability that are not identically unity.