Penning trap

Penning traps work; they have been used to store antiprotons for up to two months.

In one instance a Penning trap was used to contain a single electron for 10 months.

The basic element of the common ion pump is a Penning trap.

A single charged particle can be trapped indefinitely in a Penning trap.

Currently Penning traps are used in many laboratories worldwide.

The electron relative atomic mass can be measured directly in a Penning trap.

Also, the Penning trap can be made larger whilst maintaining strong trapping.

Here the ion cloud is trapped in the first Penning trap (for cooling).

The Penning trap has also been used in the realization of what is known as a geonium atom.

Laser cooling can be used to remove energy from some kinds of ions in Penning traps.

Signatures of Lorentz violation are similar to those expected in Penning traps.

Today all Penning trap mass spectrometers for radioactive isotopes employ this technique.

They accomplished this using a nested Penning trap, and, in 2008, were producing antihydrogen at a rate of about 20 atoms per hour.

These positrons are trapped in a Penning trap and then combined with antiprotons to create antihydrogen.

The ions are then transferred to the second Penning trap (in which decays are studied).

A Penning trap is a combination of a homogeneous magnetic field and an electrostatic quadrupole potential.

A setup was designed and built at Mainz, which comprised two Penning traps in a row.

A Penning trap is a research apparatus capable of trapping individual charged particles and their antimatter counterparts.

This process dominates the cooling of electrons in Penning traps, but is very small and usually negligible for heavier particles.

The ions are created in the ion source transported and later captured in the magnetic field inside the Penning trap.

A geonium atom is a false "atom" created in a magnetic Penning trap.

At this point, there is a problem: the antihydrogen is chargeless and can no longer be contained in the magnetic Penning trap.

Using the Penning trap can have advantages over the radio frequency trap (Paul trap).

Another modern approach uses a Penning trap to trap electrons in a system otherwise similar to the Polywell.

Examples are charged particle beams, an electron cloud in a Penning trap and positron plasmas.