The first industrial banks were established in the 1920's and are hybrid institutions that served less-credit-worthy individuals.
Target runs a credit card with an industrial bank.
In subsequent years the building served in part or whole as a hotel, offices, industrial bank, and student housing.
But in recent years, the industrial banks have faced intense competition from a wide array of financial institutions.
Colorado was the last state in the country to require industrial banks to get Federal insurance.
The regulators ordered other industrial banks that did not have Federal deposit insurance to stop accepting deposits.
But in recent years, the industrial banks, which usually pay high rates for deposits, have faced intense competition from other financial institutions.
In addition, Colorado's depressed real estate economy has squeezed the industrial banks' mortgage business.
None of the 14 troubled industrial banks have actually been closed.
He said it was slow to respond to the industrial banks' difficulties.