The measurements were made by observing the Doppler shift of the star's spectrum.
Nobody would claim that the Doppler shift could rob someone of their humanity.
This so-called Doppler shift can reveal the velocity and direction of a light source.
In practice, it can be measured as a Doppler shift of the spectral lines.
The Doppler shift happens when something moves toward or away from another object.
The Doppler shift is thus directly proportional to the velocity.
This was done by measuring the Doppler shift of the star's spectrum.
However, any Doppler shift would make the target disappear.
Doppler shift of frequency can be significant even at pedestrian speeds.
Astronomical objects that are moving away from the observer exhibit a Doppler red shift.