Before 1914 the Tsarist autocracy was very gradually being liberalised.

Although earlier considered fairly liberal, Protopopov saw his new role as that of preserving Tsarist autocracy.

The events destroyed the Tsarist autocracy.

Georgian dissatisfaction with Tsarist autocracy and Armenian economic domination led to the development of a national liberation movement in the second half of the 19th century.

It outlived both the Tsarist autocracy that founded it and the Soviet junta that adopted it.

These referred to Tsarist autocracy as a source of "darkness and slavery", whereas the more liberal regime of Bukovina offered its subjects "golden chains".

Throughout his life, Nabokov would remain committed to the classical liberal political philosophy of his father, and equally opposed Tsarist autocracy, communism and fascism.

Bloody Sunday caused grave consequences for the Tsarist autocracy governing Imperial Russia, showing disregard for ordinary people which undermined the state.

Nicholas II had decided to return Russia to the absolute Tsarist autocracy of his father, Alexander III.

Charles was a Russian Jewish émigré brought to France as a young boy by his parents, to escape the persecution of the Jews under the Tsarist autocracy.

The rebellion dismantled the Tsarist autocracy in Russia and paved the way for the creation of the USSR, led by communist revolutionary Lenin.

The Russian Revolution is the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union.

It is widely regarded as one of the key events that sparked the eventual Russian Revolution of 1917, which led to the dismantling of the country's Tsarist autocracy.

In the early 1900s, Baruch Charney was drawn to the revolutionary movement for the overthrow of the Tsarist autocracy, becoming an activist in the Jewish Labour Bund.

In Russia, the February Revolution of 1917 had destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and the Kerensky government tried to build a democratic system while continuing the war against the Central Powers.

However, it is questionable the extent that these reforms benefited the Russians and the Tsarist autocracy, as it could be said that these policies merely supported the collapse of Tsarism.

A practical politician, his political ideas were "quintessentially Russian", and he believed in the superiority of the Tsarist autocracy (he once described the French revolutionaries as "a pack of madmen").

The Russians were survivors of the Bolshevik Russian Revolution of 1917 and Russian Civil War of 1919-1920, when the Tsarist autocracy was overthrown by the socialists.

It followed and capitalized on the February Revolution of the same year, which overthrew the Tsarist autocracy and established a provisional government composed predominantly of former nobles and aristocrats.

Joseph Conrad Joseph Conrad (originally Jozef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski) was born in the Ukraine in 1857 and grew up under Tsarist autocracy.

Through the voice of another contributor, the old anarchist scholar Zamfir Arbore, Seara was focusing its criticism on Russia's Tsarist autocracy, against whom Arbore had been fighting for decades.

Nour furthered his studies in other regions of the Russian Empire, where he became a familiar figure to those who opposed Tsarist autocracy, and exchanged ideas with radical young men of various ethnic backgrounds.

During his troubled youth, Arbore-Ralli underwent medical training in Moscow and Saint Petersburg, but was more involved within the revolutionary, nihilist and pan-Russian anarchist underground, with the goal of subverting Tsarist autocracy.

The boyars fought among themselves, the lower classes revolted blindly, and foreign armies occupied the Kremlin in Moscow, prompting many to accept Tsarist autocracy as a necessary means to restoring order and unity in Russia.

In New York Gordon was active in the American section of the Russian Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR), an organization dedicated to the forcible overthrow of Tsarist autocracy in Russia.

Thus Tsarism did show signs of establishing its power after the 1905 revolution.

Initially well supported, was it only hatred of Tsarism that kept everyone together?

He anticipated that workers would lead the poor peasantry in the struggle against Tsarism.

It was upon serfdom that the critics of Tsarism rapidly came to focus their attention.

Pre-revolutionary Russia will be studied along with the end of Tsarism.

Tsarism was inherently incapable of resolving the country's problems.

Even if given time, Stolypin's measures were far from the solution required to save Tsarism.

Yet within two years three parties illegally took to the field in opposition to Tsarism, demonstrating the strength of feeling against the autocracy.

Tsarism was 'a deadlocked political system, drifting helplessly toward destruction.'

This effectively restored, and then extended, the territory controlled by the Russian state under Tsarism.

Did Tsarism show any real signs of re-establishing its grip on Russia in the period after the 1905 revolution?

I call upon all the socialist parties of Russia to come to an immediate agreement among themselves and bring an armed uprising against Tsarism.

The growth of a heavy industrial base, itself not imposed to Tsarism, unleashed enormous tensions in Russian society and politics.

Instead, Sharikov mocks manners as a relic of Tsarism.

After the 1917 revolution and the Russian Civil War, the most of his poems was dedicated for the struggle against the Tsarism.

It conjures up the picture of an omnipotent and independent sovereign - the image actively cultivated by the ideology of Tsarism.

For the Left, the end of Tsarism was the culmination of years of effort by socialists and anarchists everywhere.

Nevertheless, the crude and uncomplicated alliance between State and nobility which had characterized the heyday of Tsarism could never be the same again.

Basmachi opponents of Tsarism and Bolshevism in Central Asia (1916 to the 1930s) called themselves mojahed.

His sharp caricatures and grotesques scoffing at social inequality, ignorance, fanaticism and oppression by Tsarism are also famous.

Following the overthrow of Tsarism in the February Revolution of 1917, workers found no governmental obstacles to their self-organization into labor unions.

Dr Chubarov's recent work has traced the history of Russia from Peter the Great to the end of Tsarism in 1917.

He also saw the Leninist Party as an appropriate form for the overthrow of Tsarism, but ultimately an inappropriate form for a proletarian revolution.

Union discontent was lead by a well-organised unified opposition front, and the Rasputin affair further lost legitimacy of Tsarism with an opposition stronger than in 1905.

Ziegler, Charles E. "Russian-American relations: From Tsarism to Putin."

Thus Tsarism did show signs of establishing its power after the 1905 revolution.

His critics argued that this idea was leading back to the times of tsarism and slavery.

So that dead tsarism can breathe on us again?"

It was upon serfdom that the critics of Tsarism rapidly came to focus their attention.

The first Program was adopted in 1903, with the main goals set were to abolish tsarism and transfer the power to working class.

Tsarism was inherently incapable of resolving the country's problems.

The landed nobility provided tsarism with a perilously narrow social base.

During the time when he lived Kyrgyzstan was struggling with tsarism and Soviet rule.

Yet within two years three parties illegally took to the field in opposition to Tsarism, demonstrating the strength of feeling against the autocracy.

This fuelled dissatisfaction with the repressive structures of tsarism.

Did Tsarism show any real signs of re-establishing its grip on Russia in the period after the 1905 revolution?

The proletariat established its 'hegemony' over the mass movement which overthrew tsarism.

Tsarism was 'a deadlocked political system, drifting helplessly toward destruction.'

The growth of a heavy industrial base, itself not imposed to Tsarism, unleashed enormous tensions in Russian society and politics.

From tsarism to the new economic policy: continuity and change in the economy of the USSR.

I call upon all the socialist parties of Russia to come to an immediate agreement among themselves and bring an armed uprising against Tsarism."

Within a decade of his accession, Nicholas was to be confronted by a wave of social and political protest which shook tsarism to its foundations.

But liberal, nationalist, and radical writers also helped to mold public opinion that was opposed to tsarism, private property, and the imperial state.

It conjures up the picture of an omnipotent and independent sovereign - the image actively cultivated by the ideology of Tsarism.

The first revolution on the agenda, therefore, was the bourgeois-democratic overthrow of tsarism and abolition of feudal remnants.

Instead, Sharikov mocks the idea of manners as relics of Tsarism.

After the 1917 revolution and the Russian Civil War, the most of his poems was dedicated for the struggle against the Tsarism.

These hatreds were bred by tsarism and continued by Stalinism, and have yet to be resolved.

Peter the Great distorted the tsarism of Russia to the dynastic form of Western Europe.

Dollars and diplomacy: Ambassador David Rowland Francis and the fall of tsarism, 1916-17.

His early influences include Jay Dee, DJ Scratch, DJ Premier, Nottz, Pete Rock, Madlib, and TzarizM (who is his brother).

Compared with Communism and czarism, however, they reflect major progress.

"Thus, we had czarism, then Communism, and now the president has appeared, the institution of the presidency."

Russians are not accustomed to paying income taxes, which were unknown under czarism and Communism.

It is hard for Russia to build on a past that offers little choice beyond the excessive costs of czarism or Communism.

They will tell him of their still-vivid fears of the Russian imperialism that enslaved their countries under czarism and Communism.

Bowie Kuhn, baseball's vanished Romanov, freed from the restraints of czarism, spoke with particular intensity about problems assaulting the game.

As "Voyage" begins, in the middle of the 1830s, a new generation of Russian aristocrats assumes an oppositional role to the dead hand of czarism.

He had left Russia for Canada, sick of the stench of czarism and longing for the clean air of political and religious liberty.

In the novel Kamachich (1940), he depicted the life of Abkhazians during the czarism and joyless destiny of a woman.

Vladimir Korolenko was a lifetime opponent of Czarism and reservedly welcomed the Russian Revolution of 1917.

The older generation - Wells, Shaw, Rolland, Mann - was entirely for new Russia, for the interesting experiment that was liquidating the horrors of czarism."

Stalin's Russia was a patchwork of bolshevism, czarism, nationalism, pan-Slavism, dictatorship and bor- rowings from Hitler, and monopolistic capitalism.

A new wave of the poignant, powerful humor that helped Russian Jews survive czarism, Communism and anti-Semitism has made the crossing to America, battered but as indomitable as ever.

Works such as The Decay of Czarism and Legends of the Jews became staples of Jewish literacy and helped to preserve the legacy of European Jewry.

He stressed that a tightly organized vanguard party could tip the industrial proletariat into action against Czarism without first building up a mass membership or electoral strength like the German SDP.

His father, two maternal uncles, and grandfather had all participated in insurrectionary activity; it was from this background, Teodorovich would write, that he first learned to hate "czarism, its officials, and military establishment."

The original "Red Terror" (a phrase coined by Lenin, not by his enemies) was directed not only against defenders of Czarism but against all those on the left who opposed the Bolshevik dictatorship.

Yet in the end, expansion did not save czarism, and Russianizing colonialism, which Stalin continued in the guise of a new ideology, inspired a counter-nationalism among captive peoples that helped dissolve the Soviet Union.

There are two main sources for Marx's most developed ideas about bureaucracy in capitalist society (Marx also wrote about bureaucracy under Oriental despotism and Russian czarism; see Draper 1977, Chs. 21 and 23).

The members of Russian-Siberian community took close to their hearts the needs of their native land, transformed by czarism into a colony, and decided to selflessly struggle for the development of the Siberian fringes, against its subjugated position.

That move would effectively reverse the shift made by Vladimir I. Lenin, who put a symbolic stamp on the Communist triumph over czarism by shifting the capital back to Moscow and renaming St. Petersburg Petrograd.

The younger Mr. Chaliapin, who to this day speaks English with a Russian lilt, followed his father out of the country at the age of 18 and still makes no secret of his belief that Czarism was better than Communism.

In The Stalin School of Falsification, Trotsky quotes Bukharin's 1918 pamphlet, From the Collapse of Czarism to the Fall of the Bourgeoisie, which was re-printed by the party publishing house, Proletari, in 1923.

"Under czarism, too, there were many things that were not talked about," said Richard Pipes, a professor of Russian history at Harvard University, who has relied on previously unpublished materials found in Moscow archives in recent research for a book on Lenin.

By pushing all the way back to pagan traditions (which have proved more durable in Russia than in most European countries), he has trumped, as it were, the nationalist musings of the "village prose" writers and the historical speculations of those nostalgic for czarism.