paramagnet

Its response to a magnetic field is qualitatively similar to the response of a paramagnet, but much larger.

In that case the Curie-point is seen as a phase transition between a ferromagnet and a 'paramagnet'.

A phase transition from a ferromagnet to a paramagnet is continuous and is of second order.

In this state, an external magnetic field is able to magnetize the nanoparticles, similarly to a paramagnet.

It is possible to approximately calculate for a number of systems such as the ideal gas, the 2-state paramagnet, and the Einstein Solid.

The bulk properties of such a system resembles that of a paramagnet, but on a microscopic level they are ordered.

A simple model of a paramagnet concentrates on the particles which compose it which do not interact with each other.

The function is best known for arising in the calculation of the magnetization of an ideal paramagnet.

Even for iron it is not uncommon to say that iron becomes a paramagnet above its relatively high Curie-point.

In this narrowest sense, the only pure paramagnet is a dilute gas of monatomic hydrogen atoms.

When one seeks the magnetization of a paramagnet, one is interested in the likelihood of a particle to align itself with the field.

At this high temperature the ferromagnet has in fact become a paramagnet with it's magnetic moments all pointed in random directions and changing direction rapidly.

This explains why superparamagnetic nanoparticles have a much larger susceptibility than standard paramagnets: they behave exactly as a paramagnet with a huge magnetic moment.

A material with many such crystals behaves like a paramagnet, except that the moments of entire crystals are fluctuating instead of individual atoms.

In principle any system that contains atoms, ions, or molecules with unpaired spins can be called a paramagnet, but the interactions between them need to be carefully considered.

This critical temperature represents the point at which the materials switches from a simple paramagnet to a bulk magnet, and can be detected by ac susceptibility and specific heat measurements.

The multiplicity function for a two state paramagnet, W(n,N), is the number of spin states such that n of the N spins point in the z-direction.

Using the gate action to either deplete or accumulate holes in the channel it was possible to change the characteristic of the Hall response to be either that of a paramagnet or of a ferromagnet.

The word paramagnet now merely refers to the linear response of the system to an applied field, the temperature dependence of which requires an amended version of Curie's law, known as the Curie-Weiss law:

This type of behavior is of an itinerant nature and better called Pauli-paramagnetism, but it is not unusual to see e.g. the metal aluminium called a 'paramagnet', even though interactions are strong enough to give this element very good electrical conductivity.

Obviously, the paramagnetic Curie-Weiss description above T or T is a rather different interpretation of the word 'paramagnet' as it does not imply the absence of interactions, but rather that the magnetic structure is random in the absence of an external field at these sufficiently high temperatures.