Two economic studies, one of which implemented Essure as an in-office procedure, suggest that Essure could be more cost-effective than laparoscopic bilateral tubal ligation.

Bilateral tubal ligation and hysterectomy are associated with reduced ovarian cancer risk,[58,67,68] including in BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers.

Two economic studies suggest that laparoscopic bilateral tubal ligation could be less cost-effective than the Essure procedure, which uses a special type of fiber to induce a benign fibrotic reaction.

Dr. Steinkampf determined that the bilateral tubal ligation performed in 1995 had been effective, and that in his opinion Ms. Banks could not have become pregnant in 1999.

Having surgery to close or tie off your fallopian tubes (bilateral tubal ligation) will lower your chances of developing ovarian cancer.13 But you will not be able to become pregnant after having this surgery.

What the authorities didn't know, and wouldn't find out until later, was that in 1995 Ms. Banks had undergone a bilateral tubal ligation - a sterilization procedure in which the fallopian tubes are effectively blocked so that conception cannot occur.