tughra

Each of these elements has a specific meaning, and together they make up the form that is easily recognizable as a tughra.

There are modern artists of calligraphy that use the characteristic tughra form today.

The tughra and the notation might be surrounded by a decorated frame.

The shape of the tughra symbolises that the heart desires heaven.

The vertical lines on the top of the tughra are called tuğ, or flagstaff.

The side with the Sultan's cypher or tughra is actually the obverse.

Every Ottoman sultan had his own individual tughra.

The loops to the left of the tughra are called beyze, from Arabic meaning egg.

The imperial standard displayed the sultan's tughra, often on a pink or bright red background.

In later periods honorifics and prayers are also added to the name of the tughra holder and his father.

The alams are uniquely in the shape of a tughra, the only known representatives of this type.

Ottoman sultans had a calligraphic signature, their tughra.

A tughra of Sultan Abdülmecid I is put on above the entrance.

The tughra was designed at the beginning of the sultan's reign and drawn by the court calligrapher or nişancı on written documents.

The reason for Ghani's displeasure was the use of abusive language by Tughra when satirising him.

The tughra or monogram of an Ottoman sultan was used extensively on official documents, with very elaborate decoration for important ones.

Every sultan of the Ottoman Empire had his own monogram, called the tughra, which served as a royal symbol.

The lines to the right of the tughra are called hançer and signify a sword, symbol of power and might.

There is a tughra of Selim III on the mimbar.

The obverse shows the Ottoman Sultan's tughra with the Muslim calendar year of 1271 on all versions.

From 1901 through 1911, Turkey issued a number of stamps with similar designs including the Tughra of the reigning monarch.

On the front face, the tughra of Sultan Abdülhamid II is put on.

As his name indicates, Tughra Mashhadi was a native of Mashhad in Iran.

There is a tughra or monogram on a marble disc inside the gate, naming the ruling Sultan, his father and the legend "ever-victorious".

The ornately stylized Tughra spawned a branch of Ottoman-Turkish calligraphy.